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::: Office ::: Online Submission Manuscript Tracking Peer Review Editor Work Office Work Editor-in-chief   ::: Journal ::: Forthcoming Articles Current Issue Next Issue Archive Email Alert   Read Articles Download Articles   Quick Search       Advanced Search         2009 Vol.4 No.3 Published 2009-09-25 述评 论著 最近信息 病例分析 综述 其他 讲座 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 18KB] ( 1834 )   论著 132 WANG Cui-Ni；XU Wei；XIONG Si-Dong Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits antigen presentation in macrophages The present study was aimed to investigate major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ ( MHC Ⅱ ) antigen presentation induced by interferon-γ ( IFN-γ) in macrophages after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. uberculosis) . The expressions of MHCⅡ, CD86, and CD80 on macrophages, after exposure to M. tuberculosis for 24 h prior to the addition of IFN-γ, were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of CⅡTA, PⅠ, PⅢ and PⅣ were assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. MHCⅡ antigen presentation was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . The results showed that M. tuberculosis inhibited the expressions of MHCⅡ and CD86 but not CD80 induced by IFN-γon macrophages. The ability of antigen presentation was also inhibited. The mRNA levels of CⅡTA, PⅠ, PⅢ and PⅣ induced by IFN-γwere also decreased. It suggests that M. tuberculosis inhibits MHCⅡ antigen presentation induced by IFN-γon macrophages. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 132-136 [Abstract] ( 3300 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 368KB] ( 3698 ) 137 XI Xiu-Hong；LU Shui-Hua Characteristics of 54 diagnosed and misdiagnosed cases of pediatric tuberculosis In recent years, the incidence rate of pediatric tuberculosis is increasing due to an increase of migrating populations, reduced coverage of vaccination and other issues related to the diagnosis and treatment practice in the rural clinics. This study was conducted in order to determine the characteristics of clinical diagnosis, and treatment of children with tuberculosis. Fifty-four pediatric cases of confirmed tuberculosis, hospitalized from March 2006 to July 2008, were analyzed for age, sex, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging test results, final diagnosis and treatment. The results showed that among 54 cases, children younger than 5 years old were most represented ( 64. 8% ) . Pulmonary complicated with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common clinical type ( 44. 5% ) , followed by pulmonary tuberculosis alone ( 37. 0% ) , and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis alone ( 18. 5% ) . The initial misdiagnosis rate was 55. 6% prior to hospitalization. The major imaging findings included diffuse pulmonary nodular or patchy shadows, pleural thickening with or without pleural effusion, enlargement of mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes, enlargement of celiac lymph nodes, and brain computer tomography ( CT) or magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) abnormalities. This study suggests that children under 5 years old are particularly susceptible to tuberculosis. Tuberculin tests, when combined with imaging techniques, can increase the positive diagnosis rate significantly. Prompt standard anti-tuberculosis therapy is effective for the majority of pediatric tuberculosis patients. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 137-139 [Abstract] ( 3120 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 73KB] ( 2452 ) 140 JIANG Ding-Feng；YAN Liang；BEN Hai-Jing；ZHAO Yan-Feng；QIN Zhi-Qiang；QU Di Construction of duck hepatitis B virus core antigen DNA vaccine and induced humoral immune response To investigate the immunogenicity of eukaryotic expression plasmid of duck hepatitis B virus core antigen ( DHBcAg) in mice, we first analyzed the hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics of the amino acid sequence of DHBcAg by bioinformatics with the Vector NTI Suite software, and constructed the eukaryotic expression plasmids of the complete ( E-DHBc 263) and partial sequences ( only the hydrophilic part, E-DHBc 180) of DHBcAg gene. The results showed that both plasmids expressed DHBcAg in transfected COS7 cells detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The prokaryotic expression plasmids, p-DHBc 263 and p-DHBc 180, were constructed to express DHBcAg for DHBcAb detection, but only p-DHBc180-expressed DHBcAg could be detected by Western blot. Then we immunized BALB/ c mice with E-DHBc 180 and E-DHBc 263. DHBcAb titers in sera from immunized mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) on the plates coated with prokaryotically expressed DHBcAg. The mice primed and boosted with E-DHBc180 produced DHBcAb, and titers were 1∶100-1∶400, while in E-DHBc 263-immunized mice DHBcAb level was belowthe detection level. It suggests that E-DHBc 180 could be used as DHBcAg DNA vaccine for further research in its effects on DHBV infection. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 140-145 [Abstract] ( 3378 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 601KB] ( 2737 ) 146 GONG Qi-Ming1 ；JIANG Wei-Jie2 ；JIN Gen-Di1 ；KONG Xiao-Fei1 ；YU De-Min1；LING Yun1；LU Zhi-Meng1 ；ZHANG Xin-Xin1 A preliminary report on the influence of baseline cellular immunity to the therapeutic responses of peg-interferon α2a in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients The antiviral efficacy of interferon in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB) is influenced by the virus itself and the host factors. The host cellular immunity status is undoubtedly one of the most important factors of the interferon response. We analyzed baseline cellular immune factors before interferon treatment in order to understand the impact of immune status on virological response. Nineteen patients, including 14 males and 5 females with hepatitis B virus e antigen ( HBeAg) positive CHB, received peg-interferon α2a 180 μg per week for 48 weeks and follow-up for 24 weeks. All had liver biopsies at baseline and at the end of follow-up( EOF) . Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) viral load, liver functions were detected before and every two months after antiviral therapy. Cellular immunity was evaluated by detecting CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 + , natural killer ( NK) cell, CD3 + / CD25 + , CD8 + /CD28 + , lymphocyte transformation test ( LTT) , tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) and IFN-γ, using flow cytometry. The virological response was defined as a HBV viral load below 1 ×105 copies /ml at end of treatment ( EOT) and EOF. The results showed that 15 patients had an EOT virological response, while 7 patients had an EOF virological response. CD8 + /CD28 + was significantly higher in patients with an EOT virological response than that in non-responders ( P =0. 019) , while LTT was significantly higher in patients with an EOF virological response ( P = 0. 003) . CD4 + and CD3 + /CD25 + were significantly higher in patients with HBeAg serum conversion ( P = 0. 038 and 0.035) . Six patients had an EOF istological response( P =0. 003 5) . Our data suggest that the cellular immune status of the host may be a good predictive indicator for the esponse of IFN therapy in CHB patients. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 146-151 [Abstract] ( 2720 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 194KB] ( 2201 ) 152 LIU Ai-Ping；LI Yu-Jun；LI Xiao-Guang；SONG Wu-Qi；LI Ai-Mei；ZHOU Shu-Ru；ZHANG Feng-Min Detection of Borna disease virus ( BDV) genome in the brain of BDV-inoculated Wistar rats by in situ hybridization The aim of the present study was to detect the Borna disease virus ( BDV) genome in the brain of BDV-inoculated Wistar rats by in situ hybridization. The BDV p24 sense probe was labeled with digoxigenin ( DIG) using a DIG RNA labeling kit. The labeling efficiency of the BDV p24 sense probe was conformed by spot test, and the specificity was determined by a dot hybridization assay. The BDV genome was then detected with the probe via in situ hybridization in paraffin brain sections of BDV-inoculated Wistar rats. At the third week post-BDV inoculation, the BDV genome was detected mainly in hippocampus and cortex, with minimal labeling in the thalamus and hypothalamus. Whereas at the sixth week post-BDV inoculation, the BDV genome was not only detected in hippocampus and cortex, but was also increased in thalamus and hypothalamus, suggesting that the BDV-infected region was enlarged following prolonged post-inoculation time, and that in situ hybridization with a BDV p24 sense probe can be used to observe the distribution of BDV in the inoculated Wistar rat brain. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 152-155 [Abstract] ( 2498 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 724KB] ( 2273 ) 156 CHEN Min1 ；TANG Yong1 ；PAN Wei-Hua2 ；LIAO Wan-Qing2 Genetic polymorphisms of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus The present report was designed to determine the population structure of genotypes and mating type of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Chinese patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus( HIV) living in Shanghai. A total of 12 clinical Cryptococcus neoformans isolates were analyzed by internal transcribed spacer ( ITS) sequence using CLUSTAL W1. 83 and MEGA3. 1 software. The phylogenetic tree was statistically tested via bootstrapping method, and molecular typing was analyzed via polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) -fingerprinting with M13 oligonucleotide as a single primer. Mating type was determined by PCR using two specific primer pairs in accordance with Chaturvedi et al. The results showed that mating-type α, VNⅠ molecular type ( 9 /12, 75% ) is predominant in clinical Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from this group of patients. Our research provides new information on the genetic polymorphisms of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Shanghai, China. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 156-161 [Abstract] ( 2725 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 811KB] ( 2353 )   最近信息 161 WEN Yu-Mei 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 161-161 [Abstract] ( 1823 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 50KB] ( 1822 ) 169 ZHU Bing-Dong 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 169-169 [Abstract] ( 1958 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 24KB] ( 2081 )   病例分析 162 CUI Chen-Rong；WANG Feng-Bin；OU Qiang Epidemiological and clinical features of 30 cases of epidemic encephalitis type B The goal of the current study was aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features of epidemic encephalitis type B and to improve the levels of diagnosis and treatment. The clinical data of 30 patients with epidemic encephalitis type B were analyzed retrospectively. Although all people are susceptible to this disease, children were more easily affected. More than 90% of the cases occurred in summer and autumn. All patients presented with fever and intracranial hypertension. Twenty-one patients ( 70. 0% ) experienced a conscious disturbance. Fourteen patients ( 46. 7% ) presented with a tic and 8 patients ( 26. 7% ) experienced respiratory failure. Signs of meningeal irritation were positive in 20 cases and pathological signs were positive in 18 cases. The level of protein was high and leukocyte count was below300 ×106 /L in cerebrospinal fluid. The contents of chloride and glucose were normal. The positive rate of epidemic encephalitis type B-specific IgM antibody in cerebrospinal fluid was 100% . Twenty-three cases were cured or improved ( 76. 7%) , 4 cases voluntarily discharged against medical advice( 13. 3% ) and 3 patients died ( 10. 0% ) . The results showed that epidemic encephalitis type B was most common in summer and autumn and that children and adolescents in epidemic areas were most susceptible. A correct diagnosis of epidemic encephalitis type B can be made by detecting specific IgM antibody in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Symptomatic and supportive treatments are key parts of therapy. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 162-164 [Abstract] ( 3198 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 59KB] ( 2405 )   综述 165 JIANG Lan-Lan1 ；YAO Kun2 Advances in gene encoding proteins of human herpesvirus 6 Human herpesvirus 6 ( HHV-6) , a double-stranded DNA virus, is amember of the β herpes subfamily. It has been hypothesized that the HHV-6 genome may code 80 to 100 different proteins, including membrane proteins, immediate early ( IE) proteins, DNA packaging proteins, and virus assembly proteins, etc. In this article, the research progress regarding the features and functions of proteins encoded by the HHV-6 gene is reviewed. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 165-169 [Abstract] ( 1974 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 94KB] ( 1973 ) 170 XIA Meng-Yan1；ZHANG Zhuo-Ran2 Advances in mechanisms of bacterial resistance to linezolid and related detectionmethods Linezolid is an antibacterial belonging to the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics. The importance of linezolid as an antibiotic is related to its activity against a number of clinically significant Gram-positive cocci, including multidrug-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Although bacterial resistance to linezolid is not a major issue at present, its development in clinical isolates should be paid more attention. In this article, the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to linezolid, and related detection methods were reviewed. We showed that bacterial resistance is mediated by a single-nucleotide mutation and the production of methyltransferase, however, other potential mechanisms have not yet been determined. The detection methods for linezolid resistance include microbiological and molecular biological methods, some of which would benefit fromtechnological improvements. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 170-173 [Abstract] ( 2805 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 79KB] ( 3700 ) 174 Hung Y. Fan Retroviruses and oncogenesis Viruses and cancers have been important subjects for research in biomedical sciences for many years. It is nowestimated that at least 20% of human cancers worldwide have an underlying viral etiology. In this article oncogenesis by retroviruses will be reviewed in details. In terms of disease, retroviruses can be divided into two classes based on howrapidly they cause disease. Acute transforming retroviruses induce tumors rapidly, while non-acute retroviruses induce disease more slowly. Their mechanisms of carcinogenesis are different, and this reviewwill address them separately. Acute transforming retroviruses contain oncogenes which endow viruses with the ability to induce tumors rapidly. However, the common mechanism by which non-acute retroviruses induce cancers is insertional activation of cellular proto-oncogenes. The study of oncogenesis of retroviruses identified several important principles of carcinogenesis including activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that turned out to be important for non-viral cancers of humans as well. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 174-190 [Abstract] ( 1779 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 786KB] ( 2101 )   其他 173 LU Hong-Zhou1 ；TONG Yi-Wei 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 173-173 [Abstract] ( 1654 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 28KB] ( 2296 )   讲座 191 ZHENG Cui-Fang；HUANG Ying Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The pathophysiological mechanism of the disease remains elusive. Abundant data have suggested that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the initiation and development of IBD. Saccharomyces boulardii is one of enteric microbes with beneficial effects on the health of human beings. It has been found to be an effective probiotic in ameliorating the symptoms of IBD and its actions may be associated with inhibiting microbial growth, enhancing gut-barrier function, and/ or modulating immune response of intestinal mucosa. 2009 Vol. 4 (3): 191-192 [Abstract] ( 2444 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 62KB] ( 2139 ) Reader Login Author Center Online Submission Author Instruction Layout Art Copyright Agreement News More >>   Other Journal

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