JOURNAL OF MICROBES AND INFECTION

微生物与感染

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	2008 Vol.3 No.3
	Published 2008-09-25

	述评论著病例分析讲座综述

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论著

	134	SHI Bi-sheng; ZHANG Xiao-nan; GU Shi-ming; TIAN Di; YUAN Zheng-hong; HU Yun-wen

		Establishment of a random PCR method for detecting unknown virus
		Objective To establish a molecular biology method for detecting sequences of unknown viruses. Methods The hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses were used as hypothetically unrecognized DNA, RNA viruses respectively to test the efficacy of this random PCR-based method. Virus-containing serum was first filtered through a 0.22-μm disk filter followed by DNase I treatment to eliminate the host genomic DNA. After the 26mer 5’ end anchored random primer was annealed to the extracted nucleic acids either by Klenow polymerase extension (DNA as template) or by reverse transcription (RNA as template), the virus genomes were randomly amplified with the 20mer anchor primer. Purified PCR products were cloned, sequenced and subjected to BLAST search for further analysis. Results HBV and HCV genomes were amplified by random PCR and their fragments could be detected in the picked clones. The detective rate was about 15% at 1106 copies/ml viral load. Positive clones could still be obtained with as few as 1104 copies/ml viral load. Conclusion This culture-independent random PCR-based method can be used to investigate unknown viruses and will be useful for the early diagnosis of emerging infectious disease.
		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 134-137 [Abstract] ( 3602 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 343KB] ( 3595 )

	138	PAN Yi-yun; HUANG Ying; ZHU Qi-rong

		Clinical analysis of diarrhea as a result of rotavirus and astravirus infection in children below the age of 5 years in Shanghai
		Objective To investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, presence of extra-intestinal injury and the direct costs resulting from diarrhea caused by rotavirus and astrovirus infection in children below the age of 5 years in Shanghai. Methods Stool specimens saved from inpatients and outpatients of the Fudan University Children’s Hospital during the period June 2006 to March 2007 were analysed. Initially, the presence of rotavirus was detected using the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay. Specimens negative for rotavirus were then tested for astrovirus using emzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The target population in this study was children below the age of five, with ≤ 2 weeks of duration of diarrhea, which were negative for bacterial culture. Results A total of 724 stool specimens (5 years old or younger) were collected. Out of 724 samples, 42.5% were positive for rotavirus, of which 85% were from patients of two years old or younger. Cases were distributed throughout the year peaking in December 2006—January 2007. As an account of the economic burden this type of illness places on families, 50% of community-acquired inpatients have hospital bills ranging from RMB 1 473.7—4 029.6 (25th percentile to 75th percentile) and 50% of hospital-acquired inpatients have hospital bills ranging from RMB 3 096.8—1 0552.3 (25th percentile to 75th percentile). Of 276 stool specimens negative for rotavirus (age 5 years or younger), astrovirus was detected in 11.6%, of which 53.6% were from patients of two years old or youger. Cases were distributed all through the year, with a peak from October 2006 to January 2007. Conclusion Both rotavirus and astrovirus are important pathogens which cause viral gastroenteritis in young children in Shanghai.
		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 138-142 [Abstract] ( 3354 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 575KB] ( 2667 )

	143	WANG Xun; JIA Yao; WU Xiao-fei; LIU Xiao-ying

		The analysis on the results of blood screening tests in blood bank
		Objective To assess the quality of reagents for blood screening tests and to select suitable reagents for an EIA-based blood screening protocol which will increase signal detection and reduce false positive results.Methods Disqualified donor blood samples during routine screenings,73 based on HBsAg and 99 based anti-HCV antibody analyses,were randomly selected and re-tested with two imported EIA reagents and one domestic EIA reagent.The two imported EIA reagents were the same reagents used for the routine screening assay.The samples that were reactive to at least one reagent were selected for confirmation tests using either an HBsAg neutralization assay or an HCV antibody Western blot assay.Results Out of the 73 disqualified samples related to HBsAg test,20 were confirmed positive,11 were indeterminate,and 42 were negative.Out of the 99 disqualified samples due to anti-HCV antibody screening test,29 were confirmed positive,and 70 were negative.With the above tested samples,the rate of missing the detection of positive samples for the imported reagents was 13.79 - 27.59%.False positive results were also present.The use of two imported reagents was complementary to each other,but those positive samples that were not detected with the imported reagents were also not detected with the domestic reagents.Conclusion Different levels of failure to detect positive samples and false positive results were found with both imported and domestic reagents.Two complementary EIA reagents should be used for blood screening to ensure the safety of the blood.
		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 143-146 [Abstract] ( 2722 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 104KB] ( 2572 )

	147	ZHENG Hai-hong;SUN Zhi;ZHU Xing-quan;YUAN Shi-shan

		Construction of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing porcine circovirus type Ⅱ(PRRSV-PCV2) antigen and study of PRRSV transcription mechanisms with this novel viral vector
		Objective The goal of the current study is to develop infectious porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) cDNA clones as expression vectors for porcine circovirus type Ⅱ(PCV2) ORF2 antigens and to use this new vector to dissect the replication and transcription abilities of PRRSV.Methods ORF2 from PCV2 was inserted into our previously established infectious clone of PRRSV,designated pAPRRS,at three locations:1) between ORF1b and ORF2a;2) between ORF5 and ORF6;and 3) between ORF6 and ORF7.The three full length mutant clones were then transfected into MARC-145 cells, resulting in three recombinant viruses. The genetic instability of recombinant virus was further examined via PRRSV’s mRNA2-specific RT-PCR sequence analysis of sgmRNA2, which enabled us to determine the origin of the sequence at the junction site. Results Our results demonstrated that the sgmRNA2 of this recombinant PRRSV-PCV2 has one TRS derived from the PRRSV ORF2 TRS, and two TRS segments were derived from the sequence of PCV2. One TRS was derived from the PRRSV ORF2 noncanonical TRS located at the downstream of PRRSV ORF2 initiation cordon. Conclusion Two recombinant PRRSV – PCV viruses are stable for more than ten passages, which makes them useful as marker vaccines. The most common reason for genetic instability of the PRRSV-PCV recombinant virus is an insertion of a sequence that resembles TRS and a subsequent change of the RNA structure for PRRSV ORF2 TRS and its flanking sequence. PRRSV can use a PCV2 sequence as its own TRS, which is useful for dissecting the mechanism behind PRRSV replication and transcription.
		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 147-153 [Abstract] ( 3447 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 760KB] ( 3102 )

病例分析

	154	GU YU-dong

		Treatment of wound infections for earthquake victims

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 154-154 [Abstract] ( 2299 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 79KB] ( 2142 )

	155	ZHANG Xin;WENG Ling;LI Yong-guo

		Cases analysis of severe multiple trauma with mixed infections among earthquake victims

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 155-156 [Abstract] ( 2356 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 124KB] ( 2401 )

讲座

	157	JIN Jia-lin; WENG Xin-hua

		Gas gangrene: a common infectious disease resulting from the earthquake injuries

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 157-159 [Abstract] ( 2592 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 151KB] ( 3142 )

	160	CHEN Li; ZHANG Xin-xin

		Characteristics and treatment of enteric diseases children living n the earthquake-stricken area

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 160-161 [Abstract] ( 2331 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 157KB] ( 2190 )

	162	NING Yi-bao

		Prevent and control of animal infectious diseases after the earthquake

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 162-164 [Abstract] ( 2233 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 154KB] ( 1915 )

	165	MIAO Xiao-hui;QIN Hai-hong;CHEN Guo-liang

		Issues and solutions associated with post-earthquake public health and disease control in the Wenchun region

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 165-165 [Abstract] ( 2215 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 183KB] ( 2046 )

综述

	166	CUI Huan; WANG Ming-li

		Research on the association between human cytomegalovirus infection and tumorigenesis

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 166-169 [Abstract] ( 2729 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 254KB] ( 3757 )

	170	WANG Jia-dong;HAN Xiao-hui;FANG Yun

		Research of Chikungunya virus

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 170-174 [Abstract] ( 2028 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 283KB] ( 2174 )

	175	WANG Su; ZHOU Jian-jiang; SHAN Ke-ren

		Studies of CagA protein in H. pylori

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 175-177 [Abstract] ( 2607 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 107KB] ( 4338 )

	178	WAN Yan-min; XU Jian-qing

		The roles of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity effect in the inhibition of HIV-1 infection

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 178-181 [Abstract] ( 2549 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 167KB] ( 3897 )

	182	OU De-ming; LIAO Gui-qing

		Pathogenesis of nano bacteria

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 182-184 [Abstract] ( 2122 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 219KB] ( 2043 )

	185	ZHANG Zhuo-ran; TANG Li; WEN Shu

		Regular viral populations and human diseases

		2008 Vol. 3 (3): 185-187 [Abstract] ( 1936 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 90KB] ( 2021 )

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