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2011 Vol.6 No.2
Published 2011-06-25

Article
Summary
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72 ZHAI Lu-Lu; LIU Jing; XIE You-Hua
Dose-dependent modulation of cell apoptosis by hepatitis B virus X protein

Hepatitis B virus Xprotein ( HBx) plays a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) . Studies on t he relationshi p bet ween HBx and HCC development can provide an important basis for the mechanism of tumorigenesis of HBV. Amongits various activities , HBx can regulate cell apoptosis and proliferation . However , whether HBx is anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic is still debatable . In this study , Huh7 and 293Tcells were transiently transfected with HBx-expressing plasmid at different concentrations . The results showed that HBx could exhibit anti- or pro-apoptotic activity depending on the transfection concentration. At a low transfection concentration, HBx appeared to inhibit apoptosis while it promoted apoptosis at a higher transfection concentration. Furt her more , preli mi nary results suggested that different HBx expression levels could cause different cellular localizations of nuclear fact or κB( NF-κB) .

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 72-77 [Abstract] ( 3055 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2309KB] ( 2687 )
78 LIN Le-Xun1,2; ZHAO Wen-Ran3; WU Shuai-Qin2; TONG Lei2; WANG Yan2; ZHANG Feng-Min2; ZHONG Zhao-Hua1,2
Infectivity of Recombinant Coxsackievirus B3 in H9c2 cells

H9c2 cell is a cardiac myoblastic cell line derived from rat heart tissue. Group B coxsackievirus (CVB) is the major pathogen of viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, infectivity of CVB3 in H9c2 cells was observed to evaluate the value of H9c2 cells in the experimental study of CVB-induced myocardial diseases. H9c2 cells and cardiac and skeletal myocytes of Balb/c mouse and Sprague Dawley (SD) rat were infected with two CVB3 variants integrated with enhanced green fluorescence (EGFP) or Renilla luciferase (RLuc). The expressions of EGFP and RLuc were measured by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and chemiluminescence assays, and the viral genomic RNA level was detected by reverse transcriptase-polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that neither EGFP expression nor RLuc expression could be detected in H9c2 cells infected with EGFP-CVB3 or RLuc-CVB3. The viral RNA could not be detected by RT-PCR from day 9 post-infection. The cardiac and skeletal myocytes of Balb/c mouse and cardiac myocytes of SD rat could be infected by CVB3, but the skeletal myocytes of SD rat and H9c2 cells could not. Taken together, this study suggests that H9c2 cell is not permissive cell for CVB3, and is not suitable for CVB-induced myocardial disease study. The results also support that H9c2 cells exhibit properties of skeletal myocytes from the view of infection.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 78-83 [Abstract] ( 2075 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 17173KB] ( 2130 )
84 WANG Yao-Hui1; DING Huan-Ping2; WANG Yu-Chan1; YUAN Zheng-Hong1,2,3
Establishment and detection of tetracycline-inducible stable cell line expressing hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5B

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major risk factor of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the detailed mechanism on cancer caused by HCV is still elusive. Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is one of the nonstructural proteins encoded by HCV, and essential for HCV RNA replication because of its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. In addition to participating in viral RNA replication, NS5B was also found to be involved in the pathogenicity of HCV through direct interaction with host proteins. In order to address the role of NS5B in HCV replication and pathogenicity, we constructed a tetracycline-inducible (Tet-on) stable cell line expressing NS5B in HepG2 cells. Protein expression was examined by Western blot using both tag antibody and anti-NS5B antibody induced by doxycycline either at different concentrations or at different indicated time points. Moreover, immunofluorescence assay further confirmed the results. In conclusion, the HepG2 Tet-on NS5B cell line will be a good model to investigate the role of NS5B in HCV replication and pathogenicity.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 84-89 [Abstract] ( 2474 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2420KB] ( 2765 )
90 HE Jing1; GONG Yan2; ZHANG Wan-Ju1; XU Lei1; LIU Yi1; QIAN Fang-Xing3; JIE Zhi-Jun4; YU Hui-Ju4; LI Yang5; ZHOU Zhi-Tong1; HU Yun-Wen1
Study on the viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in Shanghai area during 2009-2010

The present paper aims to understand the viral etiology in patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in Shanghai area during 2009-2010, and explore the respiratory viral spectrum under the background of 2009 A(H1N1) influenza outbreak worldwide. A total of 2 005 nasopharyngeal swab and 39 lavage fluid specimens from 2 044 patients were analyzed by nested multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR for detection of common respiratory viruses, including adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), coronavirus (CoV) and Boca virus (BoV). The results showed that 656 out of 2 044 specimens (32.09%) were positive for one or more viruses, 52 specimens were positive for two viruses. FluA (13.36%) was the dominant agent detected, followed by picornavirus (10.23%), FluB (4.84%), ADV (1.96%), PIV (1.76%), RSV (1.32%), CoV (0.59%), hMPV (0.39%), and BoV (0.20%). The viral detection rates changed regularly within the two years. The peak of detection rate appeared in the November and the lowest rate appeared in May within the two year. The viral detection rate of 2009 May to September was significantly higher than the rate in the same period in 2010(32.08% vs 15.38%,P<0.05).Additionally, the agents in all of FluA-positive specimens were 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus during October 2009 to January 2010, and the ratio of 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in FluA positive-specimens was 90.91%(20/22), 75.00% (15/20), 48.00% (12/25) and 56.25% (18/32) in June,July, August and September 2009, respectively. The frequency of URTI or LRTI caused by H3N2 or 2009H1N1 was similar(URTI, 85.29% vs 76.61%;LRTI, 14.71% vs 23.39%;P>0.05). The viral detection rate was related with the age. In 0-4 years group and 5-14 years group, the viral detection rates were higher than those in other groups. Picornavirus was the most commonly detected viral agent in 0-4 years and ≥65 years group, followed by FluA, However, FluA was the dominant virus in other groups. Of the whole co-infection cases, children less than 15 years accounted for 50% (26/52). 44 cases (84.62%) were infected with picornavirus combining with other respiratory virus. Our study suggests that FluA is the most common respiratory virus in ARTI in Shanghai area during 2009-2010. 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus becomes the dominant FluA subtype during its two waves of outbreak. Picornavirus is the most common pathogen in co-infection cases. We should pay constantly attention to the respiratory virus monitoring and explore the clinical significance and biological properties of picornavirus.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 90-96 [Abstract] ( 2804 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 662KB] ( 2865 )
97 YE Yu-Qi; LI Zhen-Li: WAN Gui-Ping
Clinical effects of combination of metronidazole, clotrimazole and chlorhexidine acetate effervescent tablets and living preparationof lactobacillus on bacterial vaginosis

The present paper aims to investigate the clinical effects of combination of metronidazole, clotrimazole and chlorhexidine acetate effervescent tablets and living preparationof lactobacillus on bacterial vaginosis. A total of 100 patients with bacterial vaginosis from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Chinese and Western Integrated Medicine of Jiangsu Province were selected and equally divided into the control group and experimental group. The patients in the control group were only treated with metronidazole, clotrimazole and chlorhexidine acetate effervescent tablets, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with combination of metronidazole, clotrimazole and chlorhexidine acetate effervescent tablets and living preparationof lactobacillus. The curative effects in the two groups were compared after treatment. In the experimental group, 2 cases were lost to follow-up, 35 markedly effective, 8 effective. The markedly effective rate was 72.92% and the total effective rate was 89.58%. In the control group, 1 case was lost to follow-up, 31 markedly effective, 7 effective. The markedly effective rate was 63.27% and the total effective rate was 77.56%. The total effective rate was significantly different in two groups (P<0.05). The recurrence rate in the experimental group was 6.25%, significantly lower than 20.41% in the control group (P<0.05). The results suggest that combination of metronidazole, clotrimazole and chlorhexidine acetate effervescent tablets and living preparation of lactobacillus is safe and effective in treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 97-100 [Abstract] ( 3239 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 462KB] ( 2458 )
101 ZHANG Yan1; JIANG Xu-Cheng2; GUO Xiao-Kui1: TANG Dao-Qiang3
 Cytokine responses  induced by Leptospira strains with different virulence in THP-1 cells

The purpose of this study was to observe the THP-1 cytokine response induced by different virulent Leptospira strains and evaluate the role of innate immune in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. THP-1 induced by phorbol myristoyl acetate were incubated with three different Leptospira strains, the virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai type strain Lai, the avirulent L. interrogans serovar Lai type strain IPAV, and the nonpathogenic L. biflexa serovar Patoc type strain Patoc 1 respectively. Cells and supernatant infected by leptospires were collected at 0、2、12、24 and 48 hours post inoculation. The mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-12、MCP-1 were quantified by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Meanwhile, real-time RT-PCR was used to detected mRNA levels of TLR2、TLR4 and iNOS of THP-1 infected by leptospires. It was found that Lai type strain Lai and Lai type strain IPAV can induce THP-1 TLR4 and iNOS expression in mRNA levels, but Patoc type strain Patoc 1 can induce THP-1 TLR2, TLR4 and iNOS expression in mRNA levels. The level of the THP-1 cytokine TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-12、MCP-1 inoculation with strain Lai was lower than that inoculation with strain IPAV and strain Patoc 1 neither the level of mRNA nor protein. Thus the virulent strain Lai induces low 1evels of cytokines may be precipitate to escape of the host immune response and spreading.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 101-107 [Abstract] ( 2258 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 745KB] ( 2503 )
 
Summary
108 WANG Hui 1; CAO Ying-Ying 1; LI Yan 2; TAN Guang-Guo1; ZHU Zhen-Yu1
The progress in active metabolites and separation and analysis methods of Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a common pathogen. It is important to study its biological mechanism. Metabolites, as the final products of gene expression in organism, the research on their types and contents is a remarkable supplement to genomics and proteomics research. In this review, the current researches on the type, function, separation and analysis methods of the active metabolites of Candida albicans are summaried, providing a reference for further work concerning the pathogenesis and drug resistance.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 108-112 [Abstract] ( 2234 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 510KB] ( 2399 )
113 SHEN Xiao-Ting; ZHAO Xue-Tao
Advances in detection methods for Vibrio cholerae infection

Vibrio cholerae infection leads to severe diarrhea, intestinal infectious diseases and cholera, which could cause a worldwide pandemic. The fast and accurate detection of Vibrio cholerae is very important for the prevention and control of cholera. So far, many effective diagnostic methods have been established. The application of the molecular biotechnology in the identification of Vibrio cholerae has made distinguished changes in this area. The review discusses the recent advances in the detection technology of Vibrio cholerae.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 113-116 [Abstract] ( 1961 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 452KB] ( 2490 )
117 FAN Xiao-Ping; ZHAGN Wen-Hong
Advances in reseach of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

Since 1990s global tuberculosis epidemic has risen, and the appearance of drug-resistant tuberculosis was one of the important reasons. First it was seen the worldwide appearance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, then followed by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. MDR tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant at least to isoniazid and rifampicin. XDR tuberculosis is defined as disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, any kinds of fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, capreomycin, or kanamycin). This disease needs at least 4 to 5 drugs to treatment 18-24 months at minimum. Till now the gold standard for drug-susceptibility testing has been the agar proportion method, which needs 4-6 weeks for results to be determined. Other diagnosis technologies still have their disadvantages. The treatment for XDR tuberculosis has not been confirmly established. Some studies have found that XDR tuberculosis is 5.45-fold greater mortality risk than MDR tuberculosis. As one of the highest tuberculosis burden countries in the world, China is threatened by XDR tuberculosis. There is more work to do for this disease.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 117-121 [Abstract] ( 2555 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 503KB] ( 2801 )
122 WANG Hui; YANG Chong-Guang; NIU Chen
Bacterial group behavior and drug resistance

With the increasing usage of antibiotics, bacterial drug resistance has become a serious problem. Bacterial drug resistance is a complex process, involving the host, bacteria and the environment, which are independent and interactive factors. For a long time, scientists considered that bacteria behave as individual. Till recently, people found that bacteria communicate with each other. We begin to realize the importance of bacterial group behavior in survival. An increasing number of studies have tended to take bacteria as a group to study the behavior of drug resistance. Now, the important aspects of bacterial group behavior, the biofilm and bacterial programmed cell death draw a lot of attention. In this paper, the research associated with drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms and bacterial programmed cell death is reviewed.

2011 Vol. 6 (2): 122-126 [Abstract] ( 2685 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 498KB] ( 2582 )
 
Reader Author Editor
127 Xun WANG
Bacterial group behavior and drug resistance
2011 Vol. 6 (2): 127-128 [Abstract] ( 1493 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 287KB] ( 2318 )
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