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2019 Vol.14 No.2
Published 2019-04-25

Invited paper
Original Article
Review
Medical Forum
) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3753KB] ( 745 )
 
Original Article
72 QU Yuchen, LU Lu, JIANG Shibo
Using I-Mutant2.0 to assist the design and optimization of MERS-CoV fusion inhibitory peptides
Class I membrane fusion protein plays an important role in the entry of class I enveloped viruses. Peptide virus fusion inhibitors targeting the six-helix bundle structure of viral fusion protein were designed by mimicking partial sequence of the viral fusion protein. The peptides can interact with the viral fusion protein to form heterogeneous complexes, thus inhibiting the fusion between virus envelope and cell membrane. In classical approaches, the viral fusion inhibitors are designed mainly based on the primary and secondary structural information of fusion protein. However, to improve the antiviral activity, peptides should be optimized based on the tertiary structure of fusion protein. This may limit the rapid development of fusion inhibitors against emerging viruses because the tertiary structure information of these viral proteins is generally unavailable yet. In this study, we proposed to design and optimize viral fusion inhibitors based on the primary sequence, rather than the tertiary structure of the viral fusion protein using I-Mutant2.0 computer program. Using this program, several compatible and incompatible optimization sites in the sequence of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) fusion inhibitory peptide were identified. Based on the analyzed results of MERS-CoV S protein HR2 region, several peptides with mutations in the compatible or incompatible optimization sites were designed and synthesized. It was found that modifications on compatible sites would significantly increase the inhibitory activity of the peptides, while modifications on incompatible sites resulted in decrease of the inhibitory activity of the peptides. The results confirmed the feasibility of this approach and laid the foundation for further development of novel virus fusion inhibitors.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 72-81 [Abstract] ( 103 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 19692KB] ( 508 )
82 YAN Biying, XU Weizhen, ZHONG Zhaohua
Construction and functional verification of a shRNA targeting 3D polymerase of coxsackievirus B
The present paper aimed to inhibit the expression of 3D polymerase of coxsackievirus B by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) with lentiviral vector. Three pairs of RNA interference sequences targeting 3D gene and corresponding control sequences were designed and synthesized. The pair with the highest interference efficiency was screened by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. The recombinant plasmid pLVTHM-3DshRNA was constructed and co-transfected with psPAX2 and pMD2.G in 293T cells. The packaged lentivirus (titer 5×107 TU) was subjected to functional evaluations in HeLa cells and mice. The inhibition of 3D polymerase expression was observed.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 82-88 [Abstract] ( 77 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 8134KB] ( 507 )
89 ZHU Ting, ZENG Danning, QUAN Zhexue
Comparison of skin bacterial communities of infants and their mothers
Skin sites with different properties of 8 pairs of mothers and infants were analyzed for comparison of bacterial communities between mothers and infants using pyrosequencing. The main bacteria for total of skin samples were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The core members of bacteria on mothers and infants’ skin were similar. However, the abundance was not. The percentage of Propionibacterium was higher in mothers’ skin sites than that in infants’ skin sites (P<0.05). Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were two main genera in infants’ skin. Moreover, Staphylococcus was more abundant on glabella in caesarean-born infants than vaginally born infants (P<0.05). Most of the unique genera detected in infants (Gemella, Prevotella, Rothia and Veillonella) were the common oral bacteria from mothers. It is suggested that oral bacteria from mothers may influence the skin micro-ecosystem of infants in early life. Bacterial communities of each infant were close to his/her mother, while bacterial community structure was similar to other infants. The sebaceous sites of mothers, like glabella and back, showed lower bacterial diversities than other sites. In mother’s samples, sebaceous, moist and dry sites had their own bacterial populations separately. However, in infants’ samples, the bacterial community in back was similar to that in antecubital fossa, and the bacterial community in glabella was similar to that in hand back.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 89-98 [Abstract] ( 120 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2132KB] ( 614 )
 
Review
99 WANG Lei1,*, ZOU Lin1,*, LI Mengjie1, HOU Linlin1, CHEN Xiaoming2, LIU Wei2, SUN Guiqin3, CHEN Li1
Morphological transformation of rod-shaped bacterial cells: mechanisms and biological impacts
Cell shape is a basic core feature for bacterial classification and identification. Although a bacterium could be defined as coccus, bacillus, vibrio or spirochete, morphological transformations were observed under various physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, the molecular mechanisms of rod-shaped bacterial morphological transformation are reviewed, and the biological impacts of morphological transformation under nutritional deficiency, radiation, antibiotic treatment and attacking by host immune systems are discussed.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 99-105 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 579KB] ( 603 )
106 CHEN Xinchang, Chen Jiazhen, Zhang Wenhong
Advances in research on anti-tuberculosis drugs and resistance-related mutations
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and the mortality rate is the second highest among the infectious diseases worldwide. The increasing proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis has become one of the great challenges in eradicating tuberculosis. The traditional diagnosis method of drug resistance is based on culture, which takes time, effort and high technical requirements. Existing molecular detection methods can only detect a small number of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance genes, so a better understanding of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance mechanisms will contribute to a comprehensive resistance diagnosis. This article summarizes the research progress on eleven first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and their corresponding drug resistance-related genes and mutation sites. Recent studies on second-line drugs such as cycloserine, linezolid, and clofazimine have been systematically described, providing a preliminary basis for the study of comprehensive drug resistance diagnosis, accurate guidance for treatment, research and development of new drugs, and in-depth drug resistance mechanisms.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 106-112 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 580KB] ( 877 )
113 HUANG Jiaming1,2,*, YANG Dongxue1,*, LI Xiaoxi1, YANG Shuo1
Inflammasome and intestinal mucosal immunity
Intestine is the largest digestive organ of human, providing essential nutrients for growth. The intestinal immune system has unique immunological characteristics and plays a key role in resisting environmental toxins and protecting against potential invading pathogens. Inflammasome is important protein complexes of innate immune system, participating in host defense response to pathogens and maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. In this review, the intestinal mucosal immune system and the role of inflammasome in intestinal mucosal immunity are summarized.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 113-123 [Abstract] ( 63 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 6591KB] ( 829 )
 
Medical Forum
124 HAN Xiaojie1,2, MA Zhicong3, PEI Jianfeng3, QIAO Lihua1,2, CHEN Qiaoqin1,2, SUN Liying1,2, QIAN Qingqing1,2, HONG Yang1,2, Lü Feizhou1,2,4
Changes in strategy for prevention and control of chronic diseases from medical joint venture to regional health service union  
The present article introduces a regional health service union which was built by The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai and based on the former medical joint venture, to control chronic diseases, including chronic respiratory infections, chronic liver diseases, diabetes mellitus and strengthen health education. The establishment of this regional health service union was based on a joint collaborative project between Fudan University and Minhang District government, named SMART Information Technology. Currently, the goal of this health service union is to prevent the progress of serious diseases as early as possible, monitor the progress of chronic diseases by certain convenient and inexpensive measures and carry out demographic health education. Hopefully, these approaches will enhance reasonable distribution of high-quality medical services, and the life-long healthcare will be developed for community residents. The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai has worked out this sustainable model for healthcare in Minhang District, named as “health service union”, which may be applied in other districts in the future.
2019 Vol. 14 (2): 124-128 [Abstract] ( 148 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 634KB] ( 545 )
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