微生物与感染
  Home |  | About Journal | Editorial Board | Instruction | Publication Ethics | Subscriptions | Contacts Us | CHINESE
::: Office :::
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
 
::: Journal :::
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Next Issue
Archive
Email Alert
 
Read Articles
Download Articles
  Quick Search  
 
  Advanced Search  
 
 
 
2022 Vol.17 No.2
Published 2022-04-25

Original Article
Case Analysis
Review
) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 702KB] ( 85 )
71 CHAI Yuan1, WANG Junrui2, YING Lan3, WANG Jichun4, Chaolumenqiqige1
Establishment and evaluation of a BALB/c mouse model of pulmonary multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection
The purpose of this study is to construct a mouse model of pulmonary infection by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), and to evaluate the changes in various inflammatory indicators in the model mice, so as to provide a reference for studying the pathogenicity of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in vivo. First of all, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the distribution characteristics of virulence genes of A. baumannii. And then, Caenorhabditis elegans was infected with different A. baumannii strains for screening the strain used in modeling. The results demonstrated that strain A5 not only carried more virulence genes, but also had stronger pathogenicity. Immunosuppression was induced by injection of cyclophosphamide in mice. Selected strain A5 solution (high and low density) was inhaled by nebulization in immunosuppressive mice. The health state, lung tissue changes, colony counts in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), peripheral blood leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and cytokine changes in mice were monitored. Compared with the control group, the mice infected with strain A5 showed significantly worse state, pulmonary hyperemia and edema. Meanwhile, A. baumannii showed proliferation in the lungs and BALF of mice. The number of peripheral leukocytes and neutrophils in the high density group increased more obviously than that in the low density group (Leukocyte: F=78.630, P=0.000; Neutrophil: F=4.762, P=0.053). Compared with the control group, the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the mice infected with A5 strain was higher and tended to be stable (F=14.382, P=0.001), but the level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) kept increasing (F=4.558, P=0.032). Moreover, the variation trend of TNF-α between high and low density groups was not completely consistent. In this study, a mouse model of pulmonary multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infection is successfully constructed. The model mice shows obvious symptoms of infection, and A. baumannii load is positively correlated with the degree of infection in the mice.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 71-80 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3268KB] ( 82 )
81 ZHANG Linya1, XU Ran1, ZHOU Xu2, YANG Wenzhen2, ZHU Wei1
Subculture of chicken embryo cells for propagation of measles virus
To establish the subculture technology of primary chicken embryo cells and explore the sensitivity and adaptability of passage chicken embryo cells to measles virus, the primary chicken embryo cells were subcultured, and the measles virus Shanghai-191 (S-191) strain was cultured in primary chicken embryo cells and subcultured chicken embryo cells. The titer of the virus harvest liquid was detected and the gene sequence was determined. The results showed that the primary chicken embryo cells could be stably subcultured to the 10th generation, and the growth trend of each generation was similar. The chromosome examination of the 5th generation chicken embryo cells showed normal chromosome karyotype, and the tumorigenicity test of the 8th generation chicken embryo cells showed no tumorigenesis. The titers of measles virus prepared from the 3rd and 5th passage of chicken embryo cells were higher than that of the primary chicken embryo cells, but there was no significant difference (n=3, P>0.05). The gene sequences of the nucleoprotein(N)and hemagglutinin(H)of the virus were completely consistent with those of S-191 strain, and there was no variation. This study confirms that the primary chicken embryo cells can be subcultured, and the sensitivity of each generation of chicken embryo cells to measles virus remains unchanged. There is no significant difference in the level of measles virus production, which could be used to culture measles virus.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 81-87 [Abstract] ( 49 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2967KB] ( 115 )
 
Case Analysis
88 ZHANG Xinyun, QIN Yanli, WANG Xinyu
Psittacosis associated with diplopia: a case report
Chlamydia psittaci, an intracellular gram-negative bacterium that commonly infects birds, causes psittacosis in humans. Psittaci is commonly cause pneumonia, and neurological complications in psit-tacosis are rare. Psittacosis associated neurological complications include meningitis, cranial nerve palsy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome and epilepsy. We present a case study on cranial nerve palsies and severe pneumonia associated with psittacosis. Doxycycline was resumed, and the patient made a full recovery. This case report not only helps clinicians familiarize the clinical manifestations of Chlamydia psittaci infection involving the central nervous system, but also helps to understand the current diagnostic methods of the psittacosis pathogen.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 88-93 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2877KB] ( 93 )
 
Review
94 YANG Yi1, LIU Yangming1, WEI Yalu1, ZHANG Zhengyue1, QIN Jinhong2, CAI Mufeng2
Biogenesis and physiological functions of outer membrane vesicles triggered by antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanoparticles secreted by gram-negative bacteria, which are composed of outer membrane and bacterial components. These nanoparticles are secreted by bacteria under external pressure conditions, such as antibiotics, anaerobic and other adverse environments. These nanoparticles have special physiological activities in vivo. Some gram-negative bacteria secrete OMVs even during normal life cycle. OMVs play an important role in many physiological processes, such as response to stress, toxin transfer, pathogenicity, intercellular communication, immune regulation, gene transfer and maintenance of microbiota homeostasis, etc. When we use antibiotics, the microbiota is passively exposed to low doses of antibiotics, which results in the secretion of a large amount of OMVs. The release of OMVs will damage the intestine and induce various inflammations. The present paper reviewed the structure, production and physiological functions of OMVs and suggested that antibiotic exposure not only destroyed the normal flora but also led to the production of OMVs to induce chronic inflammations. Phage therapy does not destroy the normal flora, nor does it cause OMV releasing when killing the target bacteria. Therefore, the development of phage therapy targeting host bacteria will greatly reduce the side effects in treating infectious diseases.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 94-101 [Abstract] ( 53 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2563KB] ( 87 )
102 YU Miao1,2, WANG Jingkai1,2, LIN Kaicheng2, LIU Fengxiang2, TANG Yuguo2, SONG Yizhi2
Application progress on Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of pathogenic infections
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of infectious pathogens is an important defense line to curb the spread of super bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics. At present, the clinical diagnosis of pathogenic infections relies heavily on culture methods, resulting in a long detection cycle of several days, which not only affects the timely diagnosis and treatment of patients, but also indirectly promotes the abuse of antibiotics. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive and highly sensitive molecular fingerprint detection technology, which has been widely used in biology in recent years. It provides a new scheme for the diagnosis of pathogenic infections because of its advantages of non-culture, rapid, high specificity and low cost. Based on the principles and characteristics of Raman spectroscopy technology, this paper expounds its application progress on the identification of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility test.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 102-109 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1380KB] ( 97 )
110 CAI Huijun, TANG Zhenghao
Epidemiological characteristics and treatment status of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a common clinical drug-resistant bacteria, and its detection rate has been increasing in recent years. CRE infection is an independent risk factor for the death of patients. The emergence of CRE strains is mainly due to the production of carbapenemase including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and oxacillinase (OXA), and a few are due to the changes in bacterial outer membrane proteins and high expression of efflux pump. The most common clinical CRE is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Intensive care unit (ICU) is the department with the most frequent outbreak of CRE infection. The high-risk factors of CRE infection include the contact with medical institutions, the various invasive procedures, and the history of antibiotic use. Regarding the treatment of CRE infection, due to the lack of data from prospective clinical trials, the empirical multi-drug combination treatment is currently used for high-risk patients. Some “old” drugs such as polymyxin, tigecycline and fosfomycin have played an unexpected effect in the treatment of CRE infection. At the same time, some “new” drugs such as ceftazidime-avibactam have also been put into clinical use and played a certain role. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of CRE infection in recent years and the main clinical drugs.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 110-117 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 781KB] ( 105 )
118 HU Gaowei1, CHEN Mingliang2, CAI Xia1, QU Di1
Biosafety, prevention and control of brucellosis
Brucellosis is an infectious-allergic zoonotic disease caused by Brucella. It is easily neglected. This disease seriously threatens human health, affects the development of animal husbandry and tourism, hampers normal international trade, and will cause hidden food safety hazards. Brucella can be transmitted to humans through multiple ways, including gastro-enteral tract, respiratory tract, and damaged skin and mucous membranes. There is no age or gender difference in the susceptibility of humans to Brucella. Humans can be infected with Brucella through direct or indirect contact. Laboratory-acquired brucellosis also occurs in laboratories dealing with Brucella, but it can be prevented with effective biosafety measures. Brucellosis is a preventable and controllable disease. It needs early diagnosis and proper treatment for preventing from chronic brucellosis. This review introduces the biosafety, prevention and control of brucellosis.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 118-122 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 687KB] ( 208 )
123 XU Shuibao, LU Hongzhou
Research progress of congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide. Congenital CMV infection can be secondary to maternal primary infection or not primary infection. Up to 40% to 50% of infected newborns have long-term sequelae after primary infection in early pregnancy, mainly including congenital CMV infection related hearing loss and neurological sequelae. Serological examination is very important to determine primary CMV infection. Fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound should be alert to the possibility of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful to find CMV related brain abnormalities. Amniocentesis is the gold standard for the diagnosis of fetal CMV infection. Strengthening the health knowledge of women of childbearing age and pregnant women, reducing CMV infection and antiviral treatment are the main measures to prevent congenital CMV infection. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are the most effective drugs in the treatment of CMV infection. There is no clear conclusion on the prevention of congenital CMV infection by hyperimmune globulin and CMV vaccine.
2022 Vol. 17 (2): 123-128 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 715KB] ( 197 )
JOURNAL OF MICROBES AND INFECTIONS
Reader Login
Author Center
Online Submission
Author Instruction
Layout Art
Copyright Agreement
News



More >>  
Other Journal
Copyright © 2010  Editorial Board of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and the Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)
Add:Editorial office of Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae , No.9 Dongdansantiao, Beijing PRC(100730)
Fax:010-65133074 E-mail:actacams@263.net.cn
Supported by:Beijing Magtech