本研究旨在分析献血人群隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染（Occult hepatitis B virus infection，OBI）的血清学特征。筛选上海市血液中心收集的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）、人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗原-抗体均阴性（酶联免疫吸附试验），丙氨酸氨基转移酶合格（速率法）的献血者样本918例。经核酸检测，阳性样本395例，阴性样本523例。分别采用聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）和转录介导扩增(transcription mediated amplification，TMA) 技术对阳性样本进行HBV DNA鉴定；化学发光法对所有样本HBV表面抗体（抗-HBs）进行定量检测，对HBV e抗原（HBeAg）、HBV e抗体（抗-HBe）和HBV核心抗体（抗-HBc）进行定性检测。结果发现197例样本HBV DNA呈阳性，为OBI。其抗-HBc阳性率为85.79%，抗-HBs阳性、抗-HBc阳性及抗-HBc单独阳性为OBI的主要血清学模式。核酸检测阴性的合格献血者组以乙型肝炎两对半阴性及抗-HBs阳性为主。OBI组抗-HBs水平分布以＜100 mIU/mL水平为主，明显低于合格献血者组。合格献血者组＞1000 mIU/mL的比例高于OBI组。以上结果表明上海地区献血人群中OBI者血清学分布特征与合格献血者组之间存在差异，为进一步研究OBI提供了数据参考。

The purpose of this study is to analyse the hepatitis B virus（HBV） serological characteristics in occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among blood donors. We selected 395 nucleic acid test positive blood samples and 523 nucleic acid test negative blood samples from 2013 to 2018 in Shanghai Blood Center, which were with normal ALT and with HBsAg，anti-HCV and HIV antigen-antibody negative. Nucleic acid test positive samples were tested by HBV DNA identification reagent with PCR or transcription-mediated amplification ( TMA) essays. HBV serological markers were tested by chemiluminescent method in all of the samples. We found that among 395 nucleic acid test positive samples, 197 were positive for HBV DNA identification, which were considered to be OBI. Most of the OBI samples were positive for anti-HBc (85.79%). The main serological patterns in OBI were anti-HBs positive and anti-HBc positive or anti-HBc positive alone. The main serological patterns in the qualified blood donors were seronegative and anti-HBs positive,. The level of anti-HBs in the OBI group was significantly lower than that in the qualified blood donors group (Z =-0.198, P < 0.05). The level of anti-HBs in OBI group was mainly lower than 100 mIU / mL. However, the proportion of high anti-HBs level (> 1000 mIU/mL) in qualified blood donor group was higher than that in the OBI group (P < 0.05). It indicated that the HBV serological markers in most of the occult HBV infected people in Shanghai area are different from the qualified blood donors.