Sepsis has become one of the leading causes of death in ICU (intensive care unit) patients, but there is still no specific treatment for sepsis. In the study of the pathophysiology of sepsis, it is found that immune disorder plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of sepsis. As the largest symbiont in human body, gut microbiota has been shown to affect the immune state of the host in various ways, but the exact mechanism has not been uniformly reported. Based on the role of gut microbiota in host immune regulation, this paper reviews the mechanism of gut microbiota in immune regulation of sepsis from the perspective of gut microbiota products, pointing out that gut microbiota on the one hand regulates the development and function of the host immune system; On the other hand, the imbalance of gut microbiota induced by sepsis will also lead to the change of microbiota products and the loss of the normal regulatory effect on the immune system, which may promote the further development of sepsis and form a vicious cycle. Biologic therapy based on gut microbiota may be an important addition to conventional treatment of sepsis.