This study explored the role of iron ion in the infection process of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on host to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of gonorrhea. It consulted the four major databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed to search for the regulatory role of iron ion in the infection process of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on host and its correlation with drug resistance. The analysis from the aspects of Neisseria gonorrhoeae adhesion, competition for iron ion, resistance to host killing and human-to-human transmission showed that Neisseria gonorrhoeae decreased its sensitivity to host antibacterial substances by reducing the content of iron in the bacteria. When the iron content is low, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can promote the survival and dissemination by up-regulating the expression of iron uptake gene and secreting transferrin / lactoferrin binding protein, iron carrier, MpeR and other substances. As a result, iron ions play an important role in Neisseria gonorrhoeae’s basic survival needs, resistance to killing, spread and so on. Regulating the concentration of iron ions inside and outside the bacterial cells can increase the prevention and treatment effect on Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.