With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, simply creating a comfortable air environment with suitable temperature and humidity can no longer meet the needs of people’s lives. Healthy and clean air quality has begun to become a focus of public concern. In recent years, SARS-CoV-2 has been raging around the world, and aerosol transmission as one of the infection routes deserves sufficient attention. Air purification and disinfection technology is of great significance in preventing the spread of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. This article mainly introduces a variety of physical and chemical air purification and disinfection technologies in detail, points out the problems existing in the research and application of these technologies, and finally proposes the characteristics that ideal air purification and disinfection technologies in the future should have.