Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP 6) is one of the important intracellular pattern recognition receptors of host innate immunity and is involved in the regulation of infection, inflammation, tumor and metabolic diseases. By sensing pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and their products, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Gram-positive bacterium and viral double-stranded RNA, it can regulate the anti-infection immune effect of the body, weaken or enhance the host resistance and affect the outcome of infection. This article reviews the structure and function of NLRP 6 and its role in host immunity against bacterial infection.