为观察首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit，NICU)患儿主要定植细菌及其抗生素耐药情况，以便采取相应措施及时控制医院内感染，本研究选择2014年8月1日—2015年5月31日住院患儿的咽试子标本进行细菌培养，同时进行耐药性分析。677例新生儿咽拭子培养结果显示，230例阳性(34.0%)，其中革兰阳性球菌159例(69.1%)，革兰阴性杆菌71例(30.9%)。定植细菌中，革兰阳性球菌主要为草绿色链球菌、克氏库克菌及表皮葡萄球菌，革兰阴性杆菌主要为大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌及肺炎克雷伯菌。各细菌对常用抗生素的耐药率不同，同时进行药敏试验有助于指导临床用药。

To establish the characteristics of bacterial colonization and antibiotic resistance in the newborn in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, pharyngeal swab specimens of hospitalized newborns in NICU were collected from August 1, 2014 to May 31, 2015, and subjected to bacterial culture and drug resistance analysis. A total of 677 swabs were included in this study and 34.0% were positive on culture detection. Among these positive cases, 159 (69.1%) were Gram-positive cocci, and 71 (30.9%) were Gram-negative bacilli. Streptococcus viridans, Kocuria kristinae and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the main colonized Gram-positive cocci. Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the main colonized Gram-negative bacilli. Drug resistance of the isolates to commonly used antibiotics was studied and presented.