肺炎克雷伯菌是目前临床上最主要的耐药致病菌之一，对人类健康造成了很大威胁。近年来，细菌耐药成为治疗肺炎克雷伯菌感染的主要难题，尤其是高毒力、高耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌的出现对临床工作造成了巨大挑战，而研究表明其耐药基因和毒力基因主要由可移动遗传元件携带而传播。因此，为了更好地认识及防控肺炎克雷伯菌感染，本文对肺炎克雷伯菌基因组中几种常见可移动元件(包括质粒、前噬菌体、插入序列等)及其与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性和致病性之间的关系进行了综述，并阐述了其在耐药基因和毒力基因传播过程中的作用机制。

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is one of the most important pathogens clinically, which has caused a great threat to human health. In recent years, bacterial resistance is a major problem in the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections, especially the emergence of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. It has been reported that the resistance genes and virulence genes of K. pneumoniae were mainly transmitted by their mobile genetic elements. This review mainly introduces several common mobile elements on the genome of K. pneumoniae (including plasmids, prophages, insertion sequences, integrative and conjugative elements) and their relation to resistance and pathogenicity. The mechanisms in the spread of resistance genes and virulence genes are also reviewed, which will be helpful in understanding and controlling K. pneumonia infections.