Lassa fever (LF) caused by Lassa virus (LASV) is an acute hemorrhagic zoonotic disease transmitted to humans by rodent. The disease has high mortality, and mainly endemic in West Africa. However, the imported cases have been reported in many countries worldwide. In this review, we focus on the etiology of Lassa virus, disease prevalence, clinical features, laboratory testing, treatment and prevention. In light of the global economic integration, it is recommended that the strengthening of prevention and control of Lassa fever, establishment of international strategies on prevention measures, and integration into the global system should be paid more attention.