The aim of this paper was to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of neonatal Listeria infection. A total of 18 cases of perinatal listeriosis treated in Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital from May 2011 to April 2018 were included. Maternal history, perinatal events, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed. The results showed that 15 of the 18 mothers had clinical symptoms, such as fever and irregular abdominal pain. 13 newborns had clinical symptoms, mostly with respiratory distress and fever. 89% of the newborns developed bacteremia (61% with meningitis and 28% with pneumonia). Imaging examination indicated that 56% of the survival neonates had neurologic sequelae and 50% were likely to have congenital heart disease. Anti-infection medications were adjusted in 14 cases after the diagnosis of septicemia. All the pregnant women had a good prognosis. The neonates were discharged after recovery except one who gave up treatment and three whose parents requested for discharge. As listeriosis is a serious infectious disease in neonates, pregnant women with fever, abdominal pain and preterm labor should be alert to listeria infection, and early detection and targeted treatment can help improve the prognosis.