Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum (T. pallidum), Over 90% of syphilis cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. Studies indicated that elimination of T. pallidum requires enhanced public health screening, treatment and vaccination. This article provides an overview of the need for development of a syphilis vaccine, summarizes the information and delivery system and candidate antigens in development, and analyzes the development strategies for T. pallidum vaccine.