As infection by enteroviruses being asymptomatic or causing mild lesions in human beings, enterovirus-based oncolytic viruses have received extensive attentions. A large number of experimental results demonstrated that it is safe and effective way to use enterovirus to treat tumor. The oncolytic mechanism of different enterovirus remains open. In this paper, the molecular mechanism of oncolytic enterovirus, modification of enterovirus and clinical trials are reviewed.