Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (P. oryzihabitans), as an opportunistic pathogen and nosocomial infection bacteria, is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, who achieved favorable prognosis after anti-infection. Cases of multiple organ failure are rare.The patient in this case whose bilateral lower limb edema for more than half a month without obvious inducement, followed by fatigue, shortness of breath and oliguria for 3 days, which then caused multiple organ failure. Strain TS383 of gram-negative bacilli was isolated from blood culture and identified as P. oryzihabitans by biochemical identification, MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with Mega 7.0 software and found to be related to Pseudomonas psychrotolerans. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was conducted by Kirby-Bauer (K-B), which showed that the strain TS383 was sensitive to ceftazidine, gentamicin, imipenem and levofloxacin, but resistant to ampicillin, cefazoline and other drugs. The patient was treated with imipenem cilastatin combined with moxifloxacin, but it was unable to track the follow-up results as his family requested discharge. This case indicates that the microbiological laboratory personnel should pay more attention to the researches of P. oryzihabitans infection for clinical diagnosis and treatment.