Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide. Congenital CMV infection can be secondary to maternal primary infection or not primary infection. Up to 40% to 50% of infected newborns have long-term sequelae after primary infection in early pregnancy, mainly including congenital CMV infection related hearing loss and neurological sequelae. Serological examination is very important to determine primary CMV infection. Fetal abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound should be alert to the possibility of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful to find CMV related brain abnormalities. Amniocentesis is the gold standard for the diagnosis of fetal CMV infection. Strengthening the health knowledge of women of childbearing age and pregnant women, reducing CMV infection and antiviral treatment are the main measures to prevent congenital CMV infection. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are the most effective drugs in the treatment of CMV infection. There is no clear conclusion on the prevention of congenital CMV infection by hyperimmune globulin and CMV vaccine.