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| Epidemiological characteristics and treatment status of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae |
| CAI Huijun, TANG Zhenghao |
| Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China |
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Abstract Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a common clinical drug-resistant bacteria, and its detection rate has been increasing in recent years. CRE infection is an independent risk factor for the death of patients. The emergence of CRE strains is mainly due to the production of carbapenemase including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and oxacillinase (OXA), and a few are due to the changes in bacterial outer membrane proteins and high expression of efflux pump. The most common clinical CRE is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Intensive care unit (ICU) is the department with the most frequent outbreak of CRE infection. The high-risk factors of CRE infection include the contact with medical institutions, the various invasive procedures, and the history of antibiotic use. Regarding the treatment of CRE infection, due to the lack of data from prospective clinical trials, the empirical multi-drug combination treatment is currently used for high-risk patients. Some “old” drugs such as polymyxin, tigecycline and fosfomycin have played an unexpected effect in the treatment of CRE infection. At the same time, some “new” drugs such as ceftazidime-avibactam have also been put into clinical use and played a certain role. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of CRE infection in recent years and the main clinical drugs.
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Received: 04 January 2021
Published: 25 April 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
TANG Zhenghao
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2022, Vol. 17 
