Surfactin, iturin and fengycin are novel antimicrobial peptides produced mainly by Gram-positive bacilli through non-ribosome synthesis. The structure is generally composed of β-hydroxy fatty acids and 7 to 10 amino acid peptide chains linked to the amide bond peptide. With antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumoral and other biological activity, they have a good application prospect in the medical field. However, people know little about the three novel antimicrobial peptides in the field of medicine research. To solve this problem, this article describes their discovery history, structural characteristics, action mechanisms, biosynthesis and application values to provide reference for the further study.