Vibrio furnissii is a gram-negative short bacilli isolated from the feces of patients with diarrhea. Domestic and foreign reports of Vibrio furnissii infection are rare. This article reported a case of Vibrio furnissii infection in an acute diarrhea patient who was treated in the Second People’s Hospital of Nanning, and the patient’s diarrhea infection symptoms were typical, showing 4 years of repeated diarrhea, 7-8 times per day. Vibrio furnissii from this case was difficult to distinguish from Vibrio fluvialis due to the similarity of the biochemical reaction, and the results were different from the mass spectrometry identification results. Finally, the genome after 16S rRNA sequencing was compared with the corresponding model strain gene for average nucleotide identity (ANI). This pathogen was accurately identified as Vibrio furnissii. The growth and laboratory detection of Vibrio furnissii were introduced, and the related literatures at home and abroad were retrospectively analyzed, which is of certain guiding significance to improve the understanding of laboratory personnel about the bacterium and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diarrheal diseases caused by Vibrio furnissii.