Therapeutical anti-tuberculous vaccines were mainly used to immunize patients infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including those with latent tuberculosis infection and those receiving drug therapy. Therapeutical vaccine can reverse the non-protective immune response to Th1 type response in patients. It can induce the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-based cell immunity and elicit cytotoxic T cell activity to eliminate the bacteria in cells. Therapeutical anti-tuberculous vaccine would help to prevent the recrudescence of latent tuberculosis. It also could enhance the efficiency of drugs to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.