Human immunity is basic in cleanuping the focus of infection. But, immunological rebuilding and an imbalanced immunity, lack or excessive expression of immune responses can also be deleterious to the body. Inflammatory responses caused by rapid recover of immunosuppression would induce a series of reactions and symptom, defined immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS), which are often misunderstood as failure of antifungal therapy. IRS has been increasingly recognized because of our current use of potent immunostimulators. The concept of IRS emphasize the bad effects of an excessive and dysregulated immune response, we also support a role of immunotherapies to regulate immunity if host responses is not enough for the control of infection.