Sphingomonas paucimobilis (S. paucimobilis) is Gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in the natural environment. It has been reported to cause opportunistic infection in immunocompromized hosts. The infection has been reported in the postoperative wound, post-traumatic leg ulcer, septicemia, meningitis, chronic cellulitis and postoperative endophthalmitis. No previous cases of infective endocarditis caused by S. paucimobilis have been reported. Here a case of infective endocarditis caused by S. paucimobilis was reported to help understand this disease. The middle-aged male patient was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent fever for more than two months. The first episode was high fever companied with pain in the left-upper abdomen. Computer topography (CT) suggested an infarction in spleen. Physical examination revealed that skin petechiae and heart murmur. Laboratory examination revealed transient anemia, microscopic hematuria, positive rheumatoid  factor, and echocardiography suggested emerging valvular regurgitation. Anti-infection treatment was effective. The same S. paucimobilis was isolated from peripheral blood culture four times and thus the diagnosis of endocarditis by S. paucimobilis was confirmed. The results of drug sensitivity testing showed pan-susceptible. The patient fully recovered by anti-infection treatment with mitral valve replacement operation. He was a healthy man without systematic diseases and the infection was community-aquired, which was different from most reports.