Vibrio cholerae infection leads to severe diarrhea, intestinal infectious diseases and cholera, which could cause a worldwide pandemic. The fast and accurate detection of Vibrio cholerae is very important for the prevention and control of cholera. So far, many effective diagnostic methods have been established. The application of the molecular biotechnology in the identification of Vibrio cholerae has made distinguished changes in this area. The review discusses the recent advances in the detection technology of Vibrio cholerae.