Using an established animal model of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, the risk of EV71 transmission from infected neonatal to uninfected rhesus monkeys was assessed. Two 1-2 month-old neonatal monkeys were infected with EV71 via nasal spray (Group A). At 7 days post-infection , two neonatal monkeys assigned to Group B were inoculated with extracts from the feces of monkeys from Group A, via the same route. Meanwhile, two neonatal monkeys were inoculated with fecal extracts via intravenous injection (control group). The mothers of Group B were also enrolled as Group C. Maternal and infant data including clinical symptoms, viral load monitoring, and neutralizing antibody titers were obtained every day post-infection. The results from virological and pathological analysis showed that the transmission of EV71 could be observed in the neonatal monkey model. These findings also showed that the transmission of EV71 was more likely via re叩iratory route and that infection could be passed from infant to mother. These results provide additional information on the search for factors related to EV71 infection in childhood.