Cancer therapy,cytotoxic drugs,and organ and bone marrow transplantation have been widely used in the clinic. As a result, the incidence of deep mycoses, which is a serious infection with high mortality, has risen sharply over the past 20 years. Meanwhile, with the development of new biotechnological tools and better understanding of fungal infection, early and specific diagnosis methods, as well as optimal therapy, can be selected to manage such diseases. The latest research on deep mycoses regarding epidemiology, virulence, diagnosis, and antifungal drug treatment are reviewed in this paper. A better understanding of these findings could help scientists gain new insight into study of fungi and help physicians prevent and treat deep mycoses.