As human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients gradually progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) these years, the lethal cases of HIV patients have increased markedly, and have surpassed the mortality of rabies, ranking first among all mandatory reporting infectious diseases. Decreasing the mortality of HIV/AIDS patients is one of the big challenges we are facing. The following issues are critical: strengthen strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among patients, increase new kinds of drugs to facilitate expanding ART coverage, encourage HIV screening for early diagnosis and early ART and comprehensive treatment of complications. The implementation of these interventions need efforts from different disciplines.