With the increasing threat of bioterrorism and biological warfare , the concept of microbial forensics has been proposed. The main task of microbial forensics is to track down the source of a microbe, whether in a criminal investigation of bioterrorism attacks or a study of naturally occurring disease outbreak， and to determine the genetic relationship of microbes through microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, analytical chemistry and other technical means. In recent years, great progress has been made in the areas of pathogen identification, national computer networks multispecies identification methods, and quality control.. In this paper, the research progress on microbial forensics has been reviewed.