Strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common pathogens of urinary tract infection. These bacteria exhibit a multitude of virulence factors to facilitate bacterial growth and persistence within the urinary tract and evoke inflammatory reactions and tissue destruction. Among those virulence factors , adhesive factors including type l, P, S and FIC fimbriae (pili) and Afa/Dr family of adhesins play a prominent role in mediating bacterial attachment to and invasion of host uroepithelial cells, by recognizing the matched receptors allocated there. Some adhesins even promote the formation of intracellular bacterial communities and quiescent intracellular reservoir, and therefore not only weaken innate immune responses and antibiotic applications but cause recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection also.