Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has driven human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to undetectably low levels in the blood and improved life quality of HIV / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, the eradication of HIV-1 is hindered by the persistence of long-lived, latently infected memory CD4 T cells and the formation of viral reservoirs. Research on HIV reservoir eradication mainly focus on gene therapy , drug treatment targeting latently HIV-1-infected cells or directly reactivating the latent viruses, which are easier to be killed by antiviral therapy. In this review , the recent research progress on HIV reservoir and its eradication is summarized.