Cryptococcus neoformans species complex is one of the most common fungal pathogens for solid organ transplantation, which invades the host mostly through respiratory tract and then disseminated to remote organs especially central nervous system. Without prompt treatment, cryptococcal infection has very high mortality and morbidity. The main risk factors include preoperative fever, postoperative application of antibiotics and immunosuppressors, postoperative bacterial and (or) viral infection, and the large dose use of glucocorticoid. Due to its lack of unique clinical features, it is difficult to make early diagnosis of cryptococcal infection. At present, amphotericin B, fluconazole and flucytosine are still the first－line drugs. The exact therapeutic regimen depends on the immune status and organ function of the host. This review mainly focuses on the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal infection after solid organ transplantation.