Previous study suggested that primate animal model infected by Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) can display a significant viremia phase. This study was conducted for further analyzing the relationship between viremia and viral proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population. Firstly, the rhesus monkeys infected with CA16 were detected for the viral loads in CD4^＋， CD8^＋， CD20^＋， CD11c^＋， CD16 ^＋ and CD14^＋ cells from the PBMCs at different infectious stages, and the results revealed that CA16 could only propagate in some CD14^＋ cells. Secondly, in the dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CD14^＋ cells induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), a significant viral proliferation dynamics could be observed with a viral load peak at 12-36 h post-infection (hpi). These findings will likely provide important information on the pathogenesis of CA16 infection.