Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important pathogen responsible for children’s severe lower respiratory tract infection worldwide. However, no vaccine has been licensed to prevent RSV infection as the inactivated RSV vaccine could enhance disease severity. The exact mechanism of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease (RVED) remains unclear. Since Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their signal pathways play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immunity, TLR-associated RVED mechanism has been proposed and is attracting more and more attentions of researchers. In this review, we summarized the main progress on the roles of TLRs in anti-RSV immunity and their signal pathways in affecting the immune status of mice with RVED, which may enlighten the vaccine design and development.