In March of 2015, President Xi assigned the Ministry of Science and Technology to organize the first expert meeting regarding precision medicine. Based on the contribution of Chinese scientists in the field of pathogenic microbiology, immunology, vaccinology and infectious diseases, a proposal on developing precision infectious diseases is presented in this article. While the etiology of infectious diseases is clear, host responses vary markedly, especially in fatal cases. It is proposed that genomic analysis of host immune system together with analysis of environmental factors and life styles may further benefit people for combating infectious diseases, which is of global implication.