The potential impact of intestinal microbiota on human health and related diseases is an emerging research field. Growing evidence of the role of intestinal microbiota in host digestion, metabolism and immune function has drawn great attention from the scientific community. Changes of gut microbiota may lead to a variety of disorders in metabolic system, liver and intestinal tract. Therefore, further studies on how microbiota exactly affects host health and related diseases are of fundamental importance in providing valuable guidance in the prevention and treatment of many diseases which have no available effective therapeutics.