To analyze the bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in Shenzhen Nanshan District People’s Hospital, and investigate the risk factors and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of such infections, 107 cases with bloodstream infection caused by K. pneumoniae between January 2012 to September 2016 were selected for this study. According to the results of drug susceptibility testing, the patients were divided into the ESBL group (20 cases) and the non-ESBL group (87 cases). SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data. Two of the leading causes for K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection were secondary infection by pulmonary (38.32%) and urinary tract (14.02%) respectively. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis confirmed that trauma and nosocomial infection were the risk factors of bloodstream infection caused by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance in the ESBL group was significantly higher than the non-ESBL group. The isolates were sensitive to carbapenems. The mortality rate for all patients was 17.76%: 25% (5 of 20) for the ESBL group and 16.09% (14 of 87) for the non-ESBL group respectively. The results indicated that ESBL production is not the independent factor of mortality of K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection.