The new conception “precision medicine” has started a new era of medical practice and initiated a worldwide battle for new technologies. It essentially includes precision diagnosis and precision treatment. Its implementation in individual region may have its own uniqueness based upon the national conditions. In China, chronic infectious diseases especially tuberculosis have given rise to great burden on public health, which should be put more focus on. In fact, many modalities of precision medicine have been applied in the field of tuberculosis. Application of the concept of precision medicine throughout the study and treatment of tuberculosis will certainly contribute to the control of tuberculosis in China.