To explore the pathogen spectrum in suspected measles cases in Shanghai from 2014 to 2019, 1 197 pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from 3 325 measles/rubella negative speciments and screened to detect eleven rash fever associated viruses, including varicella-zoster virus, human parvovirus B19, HSV-1, HHV-6, HHV-7, EBV and other enteroviruses by real time PCR. A total of 9 viruses were detected, and the virus detection rate was 9.7% (108/1 197). Mixed infection was not detected. The positive rate of human Epstein-Barr virus was the highest (1.8%), followed by HHV-6 (1.7%), varicella-zoster virus and human parvovirus B19 (1.3% respectively). The positive rate of other EV was 0.8%. CA6 and CA10 were found in 7 cases with a positive rate of 0.6%, respectively. HSV-1 was found in 6 cases, and the positive rate was 0.5%. 4 cases were CA16, and the positive rate was 0.3%. Human parvovirus B19 and VZV were mainly detected in children. EB, HHV-6, CA16 and CA6 were detected in adults and children at similar rates. Human parvovirus B19 and other enteroviruses were mainly detected in adult cases. VZV, EBV and HHV-6 were mainly detected in males, and HSV-1 was mainly detected in females. In addition to measles and rubella, 9 viruses including EBV, HSV-1 and human parvovirus B19, may cause fever and rash symptoms and be clinically diagnosed as measles. More attention should be paid to the clinical diagnosis.