Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is an ubiquitous opportunistic fungus, which could cause serious pulmonary infection through inhalation of conidia. The infection is difficult to treat, and severity is strongly related to host immune status, especially innate immune functions. Monocytes are important effector cells in innate immune, which could be differentiated into dendritic cells and macrophages. Three subsets of monocytes defined by specific surface molecules exert distinguished functions in phagocytosis, antigen-presentation and conidiacidal activity. Based on the continuous development of assays, such as fluorescent tag, perfusion culture, spectral imaging, gene knockout technology, it is proven that monocytes play important roles in control of A. fumigatus infection in human and mouse. Monocytes could directly kill spores or improve neutrophil conidiacidal activity in the early A. fumigatus infection via interleukins signaling molecules.