In recent years, with the development of next-generation sequencing technology, gut microbiome has become a hot spot in the field of biological research. The relationship between gut microbiome and various diseases has got widespread attention. It has been found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes changes of the gut microbiome. At the same time, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome also increases the susceptibility to tuberculosis. Immune response is an important factor affected by metabolic products produced by gut microbiome. This article reviews studies on the relationship between tuberculosis and gut microbiome, the possible mechanism of the interaction between them, and the impact of antituberculosis treatment on gut microbiome.