The mechanism by which hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute or chronic infection, and even liver cirrhosis or liver cancer, has not yet been fully elucidated. The gut-liver axis has received widespread attention in recent years, and related research on the gut microecology has developed rapidly. More and more experimental results show that gut microbiota (GM) is related to the occurrence and development of HBV-related liver diseases. GM may be a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis of HBV infection and provide new targets for the treatment of HBV-related diseases, which will have a positive impact on future treatment strategies. This article reviews the advances of the research on GM and HBV-related liver diseases in patients with HBV infection．