结核分枝杆菌能在宿主体内长期存活，很大一部分原因是能抵抗吞噬体的酸性环境。细菌一方面能抑制吞噬体与溶酶体融合，干扰吞噬体成熟、酸化过程；另一方面也能通过自身功能抵抗吞噬溶酶体内的酸性杀伤作用。本文主要介绍吞噬体的酸化过程及结核分枝杆菌耐酸机制的最新研究进展。

The survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in the host is largely attributed to its ability to resist acidic environment within macrophages. M. tuberculosis inhibits the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, thus arresting the maturation and acidification process of phagosomes. Also, the bacterium resists the killing within the acidic phagosome-lysosome compartment. Here, the current understanding of the acidification of phagosomes and M. tuberculosis acid resistance mechanisms is reviewed.