黄热病(yellow fever，YF)是一种经由伊蚊叮咬传播的急性出血性传染病，流行区主要集中在非洲西部、南美洲等热带地区，临床症状包括高热、恶心、呕吐、黄疸、出血等。黄热病的病原体为黄热病毒(yellow fever virus, YFV)，是黄病毒科黄病毒属的单股正链RNA病毒。目前，YF治疗尚无特效药物，以对症治疗和支持治疗为主，接种YF-17D减毒活疫苗是最有效的预防方法。尽管YF-17D已被全球认可，但是疫苗接种所致的不良反应时有报道。本文对近年黄热病的流行情况、疫苗研究进展和应用进行综述。

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute hemorrhagic infectious disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and is endemic mainly in tropical regions such as West Africa and South America. The clinical manifestations of YF include high fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, hemorrhage, etc. The etiological pathogen of YF is yellow fever virus (YFV), which is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus and belongs to the flavivirus genus of Flaviviridae family. At present, there is no specific antiviral drug for YF, and the general treatment is mainly based on symptomatic and supportive care. Vaccination of an live attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF-17D) is the most effective way of prevention. Although, YF-17D vaccine has been widely applied and recognized globally, some adverse reactions have been reported occasionally. This review summarizes the epidemic situation, vaccine research progress and application of YFV in current years.