基孔肯亚病毒(chikungunya virus，CHIKV)是一种由埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊传播的蚊媒病毒，属于披膜病毒科甲病毒属。从2005年起，CHIKV在非洲、亚洲和美洲多次发生大规模疫情，其感染率较高，能引起发热性疾病，常伴有关节炎，关节炎症状可维持数月甚至数年，对患者生活和社会生产造成极大影响。除了蚊媒传播，妊娠期母体感染CHIKV还可通过垂直传播引起胎儿或新生儿感染，甚至造成新生儿严重神经系统后遗症。本文将从垂直传播案例、临床表现、可能的方式及机制、动物模型、诊断、预防和治疗等方面进行综述，以期为CHIKV及其垂直传播的深入研究提供帮助。

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and belongs to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. Since 2005, several high infection rate epidemics of CHIKV have been reported in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. CHIKV infection causes fever and arthritis which usually lasts for months or even years, resulting in a big burden to patients and society. Besides mosquito-borne transmission, vertical transmission from pregnant women infected with CHIKV during pregnancy to fetus or neonatal were occasionally reported, which may lead to severe neurological sequelae of the newborn. Here, we will summarize the vertical transmission cases of CHIKV reported so far, review the relevant clinical manifestations, propose underlying modes and mechanisms, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the present animal model used in the field, and discuss the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disease.