Abstract The human vaginal microbiota (VMB), which plays a vital role in maintaining health and homeostasis, exhibits low diversity compared to the microbiomes of other organs. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignancy in women and has been shown to be highly associated with persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), and its incidence is second only to breast cancer in the genitourinary system. There is growing evidence that vaginal microbiodysbiosis may play a positive role in the progression of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), leading to CC, but there has been little research on the mechanisms driving these associations. This review focuses on the relationship between the vaginal microbiome, persistent HPV infection and cervical dysplasia and the factors that mediate these relationships, which will help to find new targets for VMB-related diseases and further manage HPV-related gynaecological diseases, thereby modifying potential risk factors in clinical practice and guiding clinical treatment of related diseases.
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Received: 27 December 2022
Published: 25 August 2023
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