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| Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced trained immunity and its effects on viral infections |
| BAI Yinlan, LU Yanzhi, NING Huanhuan, XU Zhikai |
| Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China |
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Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis. In addition to tuberculosis, BCG has a non-specific protective effect on the prevention of non-homologous pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and so on. It is also used for immunotherapy of some tumors and autoimmune diseases. The non-specific protective mechanism of BCG is identified to be related to the induction of trained immunity. The mechanisms of BCG-induced trained immunity involve cell metabolism changes in host innate immune, epigenetic reprogramming, and enhanced immune responses to restimulation. BCG-induced trained immunity provides protective effects against multiple viral infections and is negatively associated with the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which may have the impact on emerging pathogen pandemic in the future.
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Received: 21 February 2022
Published: 25 August 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
BAI Yinlan
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2022, Vol. 17 
