本文旨在分析2008年12月~2009年5月就诊于上海市肺科医院201例结核病患者结核分枝杆菌的药敏试验结果。结核分枝杆菌培养采用罗氏培养系统，药敏试验采用绝对浓度法。201例患者中，耐药率由高到低依次为异烟肼（INH，52.24%）、链霉素（SM，45.77%）、利福平（RFP，30.35%）、乙胺丁醇（EMB，28.86%）、AK（阿米卡星，28.18%）、利福喷丁（RIB，26.40%）、力克肺疾（Pa，25.56%）、对氨基水杨酸（PAS，23.60%）、丙硫异烟胺（Pt，23.03%）、卷曲霉素（CPM，20.56%）。其中，初治患者的耐药率为3.08％～25.87％，复治患者27.50％～64.71％，耐多药患者64.44％～93.10％。总体来看，与低浓度相比，高浓度SM、INH、EMB、RIB、Pt可明显降低结核分枝杆菌的耐药率（P＜0.05）。除INH、SM、RFP外，女性患者的耐药率均高于男性，耐多药率亦高于男性（P＜0.05）。结果提示，临床上应足量应用抗结核药物，对女性结核病患者要给予更多关注。

The paper aims to investigate the susceptibility test results of 201 tuberculosis patients in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from December 2008 to May 2009. Roche system was used to culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and absolute concentration method was used to test drug susceptibility.  In 201 patients, the resistance rates of M. tuberculosis were as follows: isoniazid (INH, 52.24%), streptomycin (SM, 45.77%), rifampicin (RFP, 30.35%), ethambutol (EMB, 28.86%), amikacin (AK, 28.18%), rifapentine (RIB, 26.40%), pasiniazide (Pa, 25.56%), paraminosalicylic acid (PAS, 23.60%), protionamide (Pt, 23.03%), capreomycin (CPM, 20.56%). Among all the patiemts, drug resistance rates in initial treated patients was 3.08%~25.87%, in previously treated patients was 27.50%~64.71%, in multi-drug resistant patients was 64.44%~93.10%. Overall, compared with low concentration of drugs, high concentration of SM, INH, EMB, RIB and Pt decreased the resistance rate of M. tuberculosis significantly (P <0.05). Except for INH, SM and RFP, the most drug resistance rates and multi-drug resistance rate in female were significantly higher than those in male (P <0.05). The results suggest that the application of anti-tuberculosis drugs should be adequate clinically, and more attention should be paid to the female patients.