本文旨在探讨当前我国麻疹疫苗接种程序下的婴儿麻疹流行特征, 为改进麻疹疫苗接种策略提供科学依据。利用麻疹监测系统, 对杭州市2004 ～2007 年婴儿麻疹发病的分布和疫苗免疫状况进行分析, 发现婴儿麻疹发病率无明显城乡差异, 发病季节主要集中在3 ～5 月, 发病年龄主要集中在5 ～9 月龄。≤8 月龄病以常住儿童为主, ≥9 月龄病例以流动儿童为主。≥9 月龄麻疹病例中, 常住儿童所占比例低于流动儿童,而其麻疹疫苗接种率(47.5%) 明显高于流动儿童( 14 .3 %) , 两者有显著差异(χ² = 11 .75, P < 0 .01) 。因此, 为进一步降低婴儿麻疹发病率, 需加强流动儿童的麻疹疫苗补种; 另外, 建议将麻疹疫苗初次免疫时间提前至6 月龄, 这可能有助于降低婴儿麻疹发病率。

The epidemiology of infant measles under the current national vaccination procedure was explored in order to provide scientific evi dence f or i mprovements in vaccination strategies against measles . All data were collected via the Chinese Measles Surveillance System and used to analyze the distribution and i mmunization status of childhood measles cases during 2004-2007in Hangzhou. The results showedthat there were no differences in the prevalence of measles between urban and rural areas . Most cases aged 5 to 9 months were reported from March and May . The majority of cases at or less than 8 months of age werelocal inhabitants whereas children aged 9 months or older were more often visiting from other locales . The i mmunization coverage rate of non-local chil dren ( 14 .3%) was lower than that of l ocal chil dren (47.5 %)
(χ² =11.75, P < 0 .01) . The results indicate that it is necessary to strengthen the vaccination programin non-local children to decrease the incidence of infant measles . Furthermore , it may be beneficial f or  i mmunization against measles to start at the age of 6 months to help decrease the prevalence of measles in vulnerable infants who receive the first i mmunization of measles vaccine at 8 months of age .