人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)是一个广泛传播的机会致病原，也是不断利用和操控机体免疫系统致慢性持续性病毒感染的典型代表。在病毒与宿主共同漫长进化过程中，HCMV产生了许多逃避宿主免疫系统识别的机制，其基因组编码了大量产物，通过抑制自然杀伤细胞和树突细胞功能，下调被感染细胞表面主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类分子表达以减少病毒抗原呈递，损伤IgG介导的体液免疫，调节多种趋化因子和细胞因子的作用，从而控制宿主天然免疫应答和适应性免疫应答的核心功能。本文就HCMV的免疫逃避机制进行综述，探讨病毒与宿主相互作用的发生、发展与结局。

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread opportunistic pathogen, causing chronic and persistent infections by controlling body’s immune system. During the long evolution process of the virus and the host, the virus has developed mechanisms to evade the host immune system. The viral genome encodes a large number of products to control the central functions of both innate and adaptive immunity of the host by inhibiting the functions of natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells, down－regulating the expressions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II in infected cells, impairing IgG－mediated humoral immunity as well as regulating the functions of chemokines and cytokines. This paper reviews the immune interfering mechanisms by HCMV, and probes into the occurrence, development and outcomes of the interaction between the virus and the host.